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John Payne Todd
John Payne Todd (February 29, 1792 – January 16, 1852〔, n.d., ''Liberty and Learning'', James Madison University (PDF)〕), also known as Payne Todd, was the first son of Dolley Payne and John Todd Jr. His father and younger brother died in the 1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic, which killed nearly 10 percent of the city's population. His mother remarried the following year, to the older James Madison, the future president of the United States.
Madison adopted Todd at age 2 and tried to help him in what developed as a difficult life. Believed to be alcoholic, Todd was repeatedly jailed for shooting incidents, and ran up debts in gambling. His parents bailed him out of debtors' prison, mortgaging Madison's Montpelier to raise the money. His stepfather had him manage Montpelier at one point, but Todd was unsuccessful. Todd died of typhoid fever less than three years after his mother's death of old age.
==Early life and education==
John Payne Todd was the first son of Dolley Payne and John Todd Jr. He had a younger brother, William Temple Todd. Both his brother and father died the same day of yellow fever in the 1793 epidemic. The following year, his 26-year-old widowed mother married the future President James Madison, then 43. He adopted Payne.〔Richard N. Côté, ''Strength and Honor: the Life of Dolley Madison'' (Mount Pleasant, S.C.: Corinthian Books, 2005), ix-x〕 Madison sent Todd as a youth for eight years to St. Mary's Seminary, a Catholic boarding school in Baltimore, Maryland, but he seemed unsuited for academic work.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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